| ls |
list files in a directory |
ls |
| cd |
changes the shell’s working directory to the given directory |
cd .. |
| mkdir |
creates a new directory with the given name |
mkdir test |
| cp |
copies a file/directory |
cp -r test1 test2 |
| mv |
moves (or renames) a file/directoy |
mv test1 test2 |
| rm |
deletes file/directory |
rm -rf test |
| touch |
update the last-modified time of a file (or create an empty file) |
touch test.py |
| cat |
output the contents of a file |
cat test.py |
| du |
report disk space used by a file/directory |
du -ah ./ |
| diff |
output differences between two files |
diff test1.py test2.py |
| chmod |
change the permissions on a file or group of files |
chmod u+x test.py |
| chown |
change the owner of a file |
chown -R usr:build test |
| find |
search for files by name within a given directory |
find /home -size +128k/test.py |
| zip, unzip |
create a .zip archive or extract its contents |
zip -q -r test.zip test |
| tar |
unix archiving/de-archiving program |
tar -cvf/-czf test.tar (.gz) test tar -xvf/-xzvf test.tar (.gz) |
| date |
outputs the current date/time |
date +”%Y-%m-%d” |
| uname |
print information about the system |
uname -a |
| time |
measure how long a program takes to run |
time -p date |
| kill |
terminate a process |
kill -9 pid |
| wget |
download from a URL and save it to a file on the local hard drive |
wget URL |
| curl |
download from a URL and output its contents to the console |
curl -O URL |
| vim, emacs |
a complicated text editer (recommended) |
vim test.py |
| echo |
like println for the shell |
echo “Hello” |
| awk |
a full-featured text processing language |
awk ‘{print $0}’ /etc/passwd |
